WASHINGTON, D.C. (Dec. 2, 2024) – REITs outperform private real estate by a little more than 2% in defined benefit (DB) plans, according to a new study by CEM Benchmarking, Inc. The study, which is commissioned by Nareit on an annual basis, spans more than two decades and includes data from the dot-com crash, 2008 Global Financial Crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The report—Asset Allocation and Fund Performance of Defined Benefit Pension Funds in the United States, 1998-2022—provides a comprehensive look at realized investment performance of REITs and 12 other asset classes over a 25-year period using a unique data set.
“REITs can play a powerful role in institutional investor portfolios,” said Nareit Executive Vice President of Research and Investor Outreach John Worth. “The CEM study shows that across a period that included numerous periods of economic volatility, including throughout the pandemic, REITs consistently delivered, on average, high annual net returns and low correlations with other asset classes in defined benefit plans. These findings—along with REITs’ outperformance of private real estate—affirm the value institutional investors unlock by using REITs as a key component of their real estate strategy.”
CEM’s Key Findings Underscore REITs’ Benefits and How They Can Strengthen DB Plans
The study is anchored in a unique data set that shows the actual performance of pension assets in 200 public and private sector DB pensions, which account for more than $4 trillion in combined assets under management. The report finds that:
- REITs produced a 9.74% average annual return, the second highest of 12 asset classes analyzed in the report. Private equity, REITs, and U.S. small cap top the list of asset classes while hedge funds/tactical asset allocation strategies, U.S. broad bonds, and U.S. other bonds are at the bottom. The following chart illustrates this finding.
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- REITs had the second highest non-fixed income risk adjusted return. Outside of private equity and U.S. large cap, REITs had the highest Sharpe ratio (0.39), reflecting their high returns and just-above average volatility. Private equity was the most volatile asset class, after adjusting for valuation lags.
- REITs had a low correlation with equities. REITs and unlisted real estate returns were highly correlated (0.90), but both had relatively low correlations with bonds and listed equity returns.
Taken together, these findings imply that REITs have good diversification benefits and strong risk-adjusted returns, even amidst volatility—critical attributes for a DB plan asset.
“REITs and unlisted real estate provide the same diversification benefits,” said CEM Benchmarking Senior Research Association Maaike van Bragt. “However, only by bringing management of unlisted real estate in-house—where costs are typically lower—can it match the net returns achieved by REITs over the past 25 years.”
Learn more about the CEM Benchmarking study’s findings.
CEM’s Study Uses Actual Realized Performance of Assets
CEM Benchmarking’s 2024 study uses a unique dataset covering more than 200 public and private sector pensions with more than $4 trillion in combined assets under management.
Unlike index-based research, the CEM dataset provides the actual realized performance of the assets chosen by plan managers and trustees.
The study compares gross and net average annual total returns as well as correlations and volatilities for 12 asset classes with appropriate adjustments for reporting lags associated with illiquid asset classes (unlisted real estate and private equity). The 2024 study also compares the performance of different styles of unlisted real estate including internally managed, core, value added/opportunistic, and fund of funds.
Additional Resources
- Download the 2016 study containing the full methodology (PDF)
- Read CEM Benchmarking’s study on REIT active management, which shows how actively managed REIT portfolios outperform their benchmark, generating a value added return of 0.32%, while private real estate portfolios underperform their benchmark, generating a negative net value added return of -0.68%.